| English | Welsh | Middle Welsh | Old Welsh | Cumbric | Cornish | Breton | Gaelic (Manx) | Irish Gaelic | Scottish Gaelic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I take | rydw i'n cymryd | cymraf | cymraf | cymraf | yma vy ow kemeres | kemeran | ta mee goaill | glacaim / tógaim | gabhaidh mi / gabh mi |
| he/she takes | mae e/hi'n cymryd | cymer | kymer | kymer | yma ev ow kemeres | kemer | t'eh goaill / t'ee goaill | glacann sé/sí / tógann sé/sí | gabhaidh e/i |
| I give | rydw i'n rhoi | rhoddaf | rodaph | rodaph | yma vy ow ri | roan | ta mee cur | tugaim | bheir mi / thoir mi |
| he/she gives | mae e/hi'n rhoi | rhodd | rod | rod | yma ev ow ri | ro | t'eh cur / t'ee cur | tugann sé/sí | bheir e/i |
| I see | rydw i'n gweld | gwelaf | guelaph | guelaph | gwelav / yth welav | gwelan | ta mee fakin | feicim | chì mi |
| he/she sees | mae e/hi'n gweld | gwêl | guel | guel | gwel / yth wel | gwel | t'eh fakin / t'ee fakin | feiceann sé/sí | chì e/i |
| I know | rydw i'n gwybod | gwn | gunn | gunn | godhav / yth wodhav | gouzon | ta fys aym | tá a fhios agam | tha fios agam |
| you know | rwyt ti'n gwybod | gwyddost | gudost | gudost | godhes / yth wodhes | gouzout | ta fys ayd | tá a fhios agat | tha fios agad |
| he/she knows | mae e/hi'n gwybod | gwyr | guyr | guyr | godha / yth wodha | goar | ta fys echey / ta fys eck | tá a fhios aige/aici | tha fios aige/aice |
| I want | rydw i eisiau / rydw i'n moyn | mynnaf | mynnaf | mynnaf | yth vynnav | fell din | ta mee laccal | ba mhaith liom / teastaíonn … uaim | tha mi ag iarraidh / bu toigh leam |
| you want | rwyt ti eisiau | mynni | mynny | mynny | yth vynnydh | fell dit | ta oo laccal | ba mhaith leat / teastaíonn … uait | tha thu ag iarraidh / bu toigh leat |
| he/she wants | mae e/hi eisiau | mynn | mynn | mynn | a vynn | fell dezañ / dezhi | t'eh laccal / t'ee laccal | ba mhaith leis/léi / teastaíonn … uaidh/uaithi | tha e/i ag iarraidh / bu toigh leis/leatha |
| we want | rydyn ni eisiau | mynnwn | mynnwm | mynnwm | yth ynnyn | fell deomp | ta shin laccal | ba mhaith linn / teastaíonn … uainn | tha sinn ag iarraidh / bu toigh leinn |
| I need | mae angen arnaf i | mae angen arnaf i | mae angen im | mae angen im | res yw dhymm | ezhomm am eus | ta feme aym | tá … de dhíth orm / teastaíonn … uaim | tha … a dhìth orm / feumaidh mi |
| you need | mae angen arnat ti | mae angen arnat ti | mae angen it | mae angen it | res yw dhis | ezhomm ac'h eus | ta feme ayd | tá … de dhíth ort / teastaíonn … uait | tha … a dhìth ort / feumaidh tu |
| he/she needs | mae angen arno/arni | mae angen arno/arni | mae angen idi | mae angen idi | res yw dhodho / dhedhi | ezhomm en deus / he deus | ta feme echey / ta feme eck | tá … de dhíth air/uirthi / teastaíonn … uaidh/uaithi | tha … a dhìth air/oirre |
The full training programme — row-by-row quizzes, section quizzes with an 80% pass threshold, and progress tracking — is available on Polyglot™, the master platform covering all 22 languages simultaneously.
For Celtic-focused learners: Once on Polyglot™, use the Column Order modal to bring Welsh, Old Welsh, Revitalised Cumbric, Cornish, Breton, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic to the front. The triangulation method — seeing all seven Celtic languages side by side — makes patterns immediately visible.
Pronunciation: Use ChatGPT in voice mode or Google Gemini alongside each study session. Read each row aloud and ask for pronunciation feedback — this is an integral part of the recommended learning process.
Rows per Day: Use the 📅 button on Polyglot™ to set your daily target. One row per day is a sustainable pace; at this rate every row you study has already been reviewed by the Penrith Beacon Communications | PBC team.