| English | Welsh | Middle Welsh | Old Welsh | Cumbric | Cornish | Breton | Gaelic (Manx) | Irish Gaelic | Scottish Gaelic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I have | mae gyda fi / mae gen i | mae gyda fi / mae gen i | caffaf | caffaf | y'm beus | am eus | ta aym | tá … agam | tha … agam |
| you have | mae gyda ti | mae gyda ti | keffy | keffy | y'th eus | ac'h eus | ta ayd | tá … agat | tha … agad |
| he/she/it has | mae gyda fe/hi | mae gyda fe/hi | keif | keif | y'n jeves | en deus / he deus | ta echey / ta eck | tá … aige / aici | tha … aige / aice |
| we have | mae gyda ni | mae gyda ni | cawn | cawn | y'gan beus | hon eus | ta ain | tá … againn | tha … againn |
| you have | mae gyda chi | mae gyda chwi | cewch | cewch | y'gas beus | hoc'h eus | ta eu | tá … agaibh | tha … agaibh |
| they have | mae gyda nhw | mae gyda hwy | cânt | cânt | y'ga beus | o deus | ta oc | tá … acu | tha … aca |
| I had | roedd gyda fi | roedd gyda fi | cefais | cefais | y'm boa | am boa | va aym | bhí … agam | bha … agam |
| you had | roedd gyda ti | roedd gyda ti | cefeist | cefeist | y'th oa | az poa | va ayd | bhí … agat | bha … agad |
| he/she/it had | roedd gyda fe/hi | roedd gyda fe/hi | cauas | cauas | y'n jeva | en doa / he doa | va echey / va eck | bhí … aige / aici | bha … aige / aice |
| we had | roedd gyda ni | roedd gyda ni | causon | causon | y'gan boa | hor boa | va ain | bhí … againn | bha … againn |
| you had | roedd gyda chi | roedd gyda chwi | causoch | causoch | y'gas boa | ho poa | va eu | bhí … agaibh | bha … agaibh |
| they had | roedd gyda nhw | roedd gyda hwy | causant | causant | y'ga boa | o doa | va oc | bhí … acu | bha … aca |
| I will have | bydd gyda fi | bydd gyda fi | caiph | caiph | y'm bydh | am bo | bee aym | beidh … agam | bidh … agam |
| you will have | bydd gyda ti | bydd gyda ti | kei | kei | y'th ydh | az po | bee ayd | beidh … agat | bidh … agad |
| he/she/it will have | bydd gyda fe/hi | bydd gyda fe/hi | caiff | caiff | y'n jydh | en devo / he devo | bee echey / bee eck | beidh … aige / aici | bidh … aige / aice |
| we will have | bydd gyda ni | bydd gyda ni | cawn | cawn | y'gan bydh | hor bo | bee ain | beidh … againn | bidh … againn |
| you will have | bydd gyda chi | bydd gyda chwi | cewch | cewch | y'gas bydh | ho po | bee eu | beidh … agaibh | bidh … agaibh |
| they will have | bydd gyda nhw | bydd gyda hwy | cânt | cânt | y'ga bydh | o devo | bee oc | beidh … acu | bidh … aca |
| I have had | rwyf i wedi cael | rwyf i wedi caffael | cefais | cefais | my re gefis | am boe | er ve aym | tá … faighte agam | tha mi air … fhaighinn |
| you have had | rwyt ti wedi cael | rwyt ti wedi caffael | cefeist | cefeist | ty re gefis | az poe | er ve ayd | tá … faighte agat | tha thu air … fhaighinn |
| he/she/it has had | mae e/hi wedi cael | mae e/hi wedi caffael | cauas | cauas | ev re gevas | en doe / he doe | er ve echey / er ve eck | tá … faighte aige/aici | tha e/i air … fhaighinn |
The full training programme — row-by-row quizzes, section quizzes with an 80% pass threshold, and progress tracking — is available on Polyglot™, the master platform covering all 22 languages simultaneously.
For Celtic-focused learners: Once on Polyglot™, use the Column Order modal to bring Welsh, Old Welsh, Revitalised Cumbric, Cornish, Breton, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic to the front. The triangulation method — seeing all seven Celtic languages side by side — makes patterns immediately visible.
Pronunciation: Use ChatGPT in voice mode or Google Gemini alongside each study session. Read each row aloud and ask for pronunciation feedback — this is an integral part of the recommended learning process.
Rows per Day: Use the 📅 button on Polyglot™ to set your daily target. One row per day is a sustainable pace; at this rate every row you study has already been reviewed by the Penrith Beacon Communications | PBC team.